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Nursing Hours and Nurse Staffing according to Korean Triage Acuity Scale and Patient Dependency

ÀÓ»ó°£È£¿¬±¸ 2020³â 26±Ç 3È£ p.395 ~ 406
KMID : 1004620200260030395
Á¤ÀºÈñ ( Jung Eun-Hee ) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Nursing

Á¶¼ºÇö ( Cho Sung-Hyun ) - Seoul National University College of Nursing
À̻󸲠( Lee Sang-Lim ) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Nursing
ÃÖ¹ÎÁø ( Choi Min-Jin ) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Nursing
±è¼º¼÷ ( Kim Sung-Sook ) - Asan Medical Center Department of Nursing
ÃÖÀº°æ ( Choi Eun-Kyung ) - Asan Medical Center Department of Nursing
ÇÑ°æÈ­ ( Han Kyeong-Hwa ) - Ajou University Hospital Department of Nursing
Àü¹Ì¿µ ( Jeon Mi-Young ) - Ajou University Hospital Department of Nursing

Abstract

¸ñÀû: º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÀ±ÞȯÀÚÀÇ ÁßÁõµµ ¹× ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ º° °£È£½Ã°£À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© °£È£ »ç ¹èÄ¡ ¼öÁØÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¹æ¹ý: ¿¬±¸ ´ë»óÀº 2019³â 10¿ù 24ÀϺÎÅÍ 26ÀϱîÁö 48½Ã°£ µ¿¾È 3°³ »ó±ÞÁ¾ÇÕº´¿øÀÇ ¼ºÀÎÀÀ±Þ½ÇÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿Í µ¿ ½Ã°£¿¡ ±Ù¹«ÇÑ °£È£»ç·Î, ½Ã°£´ëº° ȯÀÚ¼ö¿Í °£È£»ç ¹èÄ¡ ¼öÁØÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÀ±ÞȯÀÚÀÇ ÁßÁõµµ´Â Çѱ¹Çü ÀÀ±ÞȯÀÚ ºÐ·ùµµ±¸(KTAS)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ·¹º§ 1(ÁßÁõµµ°¡ °¡Àå ³ôÀ½)¿¡¼­ ·¹º§ 5(°¡Àå ³·À½)±îÁö·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿´´Ù. ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ´Â 6°³ Ç׸ñ(ÁÖÀÇ°üÂû, ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë µî)À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿´°í 4°³ ±×·ìÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿´´Ù. °£È£È°µ¿Àº 10ºÐ¸¶´Ù °üÂûÇÏ¿´°í, ȯÀÚ º° °£È£½Ã°£°ú °£È£»ç ¹èÄ¡ ¼öÁØÀº ÁßÁõµµ¿Í ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

°á°ú: 48½Ã°£ °üÂûµÈ °£È£»ç¿Í ȯÀÚÀÇ ºñ´Â 1:1.8-1:4.2¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. °£È£»ç 1Àδç È޽Ľð£°ú ½Ä»ç½Ã°£À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ Æò±Õ ±Ù¹«½Ã°£Àº 8.57 ½Ã°£À̾ú°í, ±× Áß 42.5%´Â Á÷Á¢ °£È£ ½Ã°£À̾ú´Ù. ÁßÁõµµ°¡ ³ôÀº ȯÀÚ¿Í ÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ ³ôÀº ȯÀÚÀÇ °£È£½Ã°£°ú °£È£»ç ¹èÄ¡¼öÁØÀÌ ³ô¾Ò´Ù. KTAS ·¹º§1 ȯÀÚÀÇ °£È£½Ã°£Àº ½Ã°£ ´ç 74.3ºÐÀ¸·Î ·¹º§5 ȯÀÚ(14.8ºÐ)º¸´Ù 5.02¹è ³ô¾Ò´Ù. ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ½Ã°£ ´ç 87.4ºÐÀÇ °£È£°¡ Á¦°øµÇ¾î, °¡Àå ³·Àº ±×·ì(15.2ºÐ)º¸´Ù 5.75¹è ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÇ °£È£°¡ Á¦°øµÇ¾ú´Ù. °°Àº KTAS ·¹º§¿¡¼­´Â »õ·Î ÀÔ½Ç È¯ÀÚ°¡ Àç½Ç ȯÀÚº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÇ °£È£¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

°á·Ð: ÀÀ±Þ½ÇÀº ½Ã°£´ë º°·Î ȯÀÚÀÇ ¼ö, ÁßÁõµµ, ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÀ±Þ½ÇÀÇ °£È£»ç ¹èÄ¡´Â ȯÀÚÀÇ ÁßÁõµµ¿Í ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze nurse staffing according to patients' acuity and dependency by measuring nursing hours.

Methods: The study sample included patients who visited the adult emergency departments (EDs) of three tertiary referral hospitals and nurses who worked on shifts for 48 hours from October 24 to 26, 2019. Hourly patient census and nurse staffing were analyzed. Patient acuity was measured using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS), ranging from Level 1 (highest) to Level 5 (lowest). Patient dependency was measured using six items (e.g., clinical attention and communication) and classified into four groups. Nursing activities were observed every 10 minutes and nursing hours per patient and nurse staffing were analyzed according to acuity and dependency.

Results: Nurse-to-patient ratio ranged from 1:1.8 to 1:4.2 during the 48 hours of observation. The average work hours of nurses, excluding breaks and meals, was 8.57 hours; 42.5% of which was spent providing direct care. Higher acuity and dependency were associated with higher nursing hours and staffing level. Patients with KTAS Level 1 were provided 74.3 minutes per hour, 5.02 times higher than Level 5 (14.8 minutes). Patients in the highest dependency group were provided 87.4 minutes per hour, 5.75 times higher than the lowest group (15.2 minutes). Newly arrived patients received more nursing hours than continuously stayed patients within the same KTAS Levels.

Conclusion: Large variations were found in hourly patient census, acuity, and dependency. Nurse staffing in EDs should be determined based on patient acuity and dependency.
KeyWords
ȯÀÚÁßÁõµµ, ȯÀÚÀÇÁ¸µµ, ÀÀ±Þ½Ç, °£È£»ç ¹èÄ¡¼öÁØ, ÀÀ±Þ½Ç ȯÀÚ ºÐ·ù
Patient Acuity, Dependency, Emergency Department, Nurse Staffing, Triage
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ÇмúÁøÈïÀç´Ü(KCI)